GN 

766 

P41p 


PRE-HISTORIC    MAN 


TWO    LECTURES. 


i.     The  Facts.     2.     The  Conclusions. 


Being  an  Outline  of 


PRE-HISTORIC    ARCHEOLOGY 


Intended  as  a  Syllabus  of  two  Lectures  on  the  Subject, 
for  the  Benefit  of  the 


Boys  and  Girls  Aid  Society  of  San    Francisco. 


BY 


FRED.  B.   PERKINS. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 
C:  A.   Murdoch  &  Co.,  Book  and  Job  Printers,  532  Clay  Street. 


PRE-HISTORIC    MAN: 


TWO    LECTURES. 


i.     The  Facts.     2.     The  Conclusions. 


Being  an  Outline  of 


PRE-HISTORIC     ARCHEOLOGY 


Intended  as  a  Syllabus  of  two  Lectures  on  the  Subject, 
for  the  Benefit  of  the 


Boys  and   Girls  Aid   Society   of   San    Francisco. 


V.\ 


FRED.   B.   PERKINS. 


SAX     FRANCISCO: 
C     V    Murdock  &  Co.,   Book    ind  Job  Printers,  532  Cla\   Streei 

1883. 


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PRE- HISTORIC    MAN. 


The  late  Louis  Agassi/  was  a  man  of  much  wit,  one  of  t lie  ablest 
scientific  men  of  this  century,  and  an  evangelical  Christian.  He 
said  this  : 

"Whenever  any  new  scientific  truth  is  announced,  people  say: 

"  First — That  it  isn't  so. 

"  Second — That  it  is  contrary  to  religion. 

"  Third — That  everybody  knew  it  before  !  " 

Archaeology  is  now  passing  through  the  second  stage  of  this  pro- 
cess of  Agassizm,  and  it  is  accordingly  exactly  where  it  interests  the 
maximum  number  of  intelligent  and  virtuous  people. 

It  is  to  such  that  this  pamphlet,  and  the  lectures  of  which  it  is  a 
summary — and  the  efficient  charity  for  whose  aid  those  lectures  are 
given — all  three  appeal. 

This  pamphlet  is  prepared  mainly  in  order  to  be  handed  to  the 
audience — or  to  those  thought  likely  to  be  such — at  two  lectures  on 
its  subject,  to  be  given  for  the  benefit  of  the  Boys  and  Girls  Aid  So- 
ciety of  San  Francisco,  December  27th,  1883,  and  January  3d,  1884. 
Some  of  these  persons  may  like  to  read  a  little  for  themselves  in 
this  fresh  and  fascinating  department  of  research,  and  if  so,  this 
may  serve  as  a  sort  of  guide  to  begin  with.  If  not,  then  at  least 
this  outline  may  help  to  the  better  recollection  of  the  facts  and  con- 
clusions stated. 

The  arrangement  is  a  synopsis  of  the  subject,  with  a  list  of  books 
appended,  most  of  which  have  been  used  in  preparing  the  discussion. 
For  the  convenience  of  any  interested  readers,  the  shelf  marks  in  the 
San  Francisco  Free  Public  Library  are  given,  so  as  to-  make  a  short 
catalogue,  with  comment  or  example,  of  some  of  the  resources  of 
the  library  on  this  subject.  Although  this  purpose  was  a  secondary 
one,  the  occasion  was  gladly  seized ;  and  if  this  small  experiment 
should  have  any  success,  other  completer  lists  of  other  departments 
of  the  library  may  hereafter  be  prepared. 


370692 


4  PRE-HISTORIC  MAN. 

Besides  these  two  motives — namely,  to  assist  a  most  important 
and  useful  public  charity,  and  to  explain,  in  a  small  way,  one  item  of 
the  resources  of  the  Free  Public  Library — there  was  a  third.  I  am 
glad  to  have  two  such  good  excuses  for  stating  my  own  views,  ah 
though  only  in  outline,  on  a  subject  whose  great  interest,  and  still 
greater  importance,  are  not,  I  suppose,  very  well  understood. 

A  knowledge  of  archaeology,  even  in  its  present  rudimentary  con- 
dition, is  indispensable  for  any  sound  and  broad  views  on  the  nature 
of  man,  and  on  the  origin  and  progress  of  society  and  civilization. 
Without  it  there  can  be  no  real  knowledge  of  past  human  experi- 
ence, nor  any  full  understanding  nor  complete  treatment  of  the 
principal  human  problems  of  to-day;  and  still  less,  any  possibility  of 
scientific  prophecy  about  the  future.  A  knowledge  of  it,  on  the 
contrary,  does  seem  to  indicate  something  like  fixed  accessible  sta- 
tions in  the  past  and  present,  from  which  a  survey  by  triangulation 
may  be  carried  out  to  points  and  places  not  yet  fixed  in  the  map  of 
the  future. 

Archaeology,  in  short,  is  the  whole  foundation  and  substructure  of 
history,  which  is  at  least  one-half  of  human  knowledge.  Science  is 
the  rest. 

This  synopsis  is  a  sort  of  table  of  contents  to  four  papers,  from 
which  the  two  lectures  now  intended  are  selected.  Parts  of  all  tour 
were  delivered  as  addresses  before  the  Chautauqua  Literary  Associa- 
tion of  California,  at  their  annual  meetings  in  1882  and  1883.  The 
favor  with  which  they  were  then  received  suggested  the  present 
design. 


PRE-HISTORIC   MAX. 


OUTLINE    CHRONOLOGY, 

Or  Summary  ok  Arch^elogical  Concli  sions,  showing 

i.     The  old  conventiona]  chronology. 

2.     The  present  scientificallj  arranged  chronology. 

.5.     The  synchronizations  and  comparative  lengths  ol   the  two. 

[Note.—  The  dates,  instead  of  beginning  with  the  oldest  and  least  known  at  the  top 
of  the  column,  begin  with  tln.se  which  are  latest  and  perfectly  well  known  and  received,  and  go 
backward  downward,  toward  those  less  and  less  ascertained,  according  to  the  right  theory  of 
investigating  naw  truth,  viz:  by  proceeding  from  the  known  to  the  unknown.] 

Conventional  Chronology.  Scientific  Chronology. 

Before  Christ.  Before  Christ. 

390.     Gauls   take   Rome;    or  \      First  historical  \  These  are  also 

495.     Battle :of  Lake  Regillus.  |      date  for  Rome.  I  ted     in     this 

77b.      First  Olympiad.  Same,  Greece.  column. 

1015   30.      Solomon.  ' 

Exodus  (Rawlinson) 1240 

Assyrian  Empire  begins  (Rawl.) 1273 

Exodus  and  Moses  (Renouf) 1310 

Thothmes  III,  Ex-  |  Raw! 1463 

1491.     (Ussher)...  |r      ,  odus  Pharaoh,      [Wilkinson 1495 

164S.     (Males).  ...  I  lA'"lus-  Vedas  composed  (Midler) 1500  2000 

Chaldean    flood    legend    existed    (Sayce, 

Smith) 2000 

1996.      (Ussher).  .  .   I  Shepherd  kings 2000 

2130.      (Clinton)  .  .   J- Abraham.         Danish  peat,  least  age  (Lyell) 2000 

2153.      (Hales)....  I  Chaldean  Empire  begins  (Rawl. ) 2234 

Deluge  date  (old)  corresponds  to  Pyramid  date  (new),  viz: 

6th    to    nth  Egyptian  dynasties  (Rawl.) 

to 2240 

234S.      (Ussher) .  .  .  |  Chaldean  first  dates   (  Renouf ) 2300 

2482.      (Clinton)..      Deluge.  First   Egyptian  date,  1727  before   Moses 

3155.      (Males)....   I  (Renouf). .  3037 

Pyramids    built    (2000  years  before   Ex- 
odus, Renouf) 33io 

Creation  date  (old)  corresponds  to  Pyramid  date,  or  Bronze  Age  date  (new),  viz.: 

4004.      (Ussher)  .  .  \  Bronze  Age,  2900  years  back  of  Roman 

413S.      (Clinton)  .  .   I  first  date  (  Morlot') 3400 

4700.      (Samaritan    I  I  >ate  .of    connection  between   early  Chi- 

Pentateuch)  VCreation.  nese   and    Akkadians    (Terrien    de    la 

541 1.      (Males)  ...  I  Couperie) 3800 

5872.     Septuagint.  I  Pyramids  (Lubbock) 4000 

(Josephus)/ 

Stone    Age,    4700   or    7000    before  \      8,100 

Bronze  (Morlot) |     10,400 

Danish  peat,  may  be  (Lubbock) 14,000 

Borings  in  Nile  delta  indicate    15,000 

(Neolithic  Age  was  before  this.  ) 
End    of    last    Ice    Age    (Geikie    ami 

Croll ) 80,000 

Palaeolithic  man  lived  within  it 100,000 

Beginning  of  last  Ice  Age 240,000 

Existence  of  man  on   earth,  then,  instead   of   6000  years,  has  lasted    somewhere 

about  100,000. 


6  PRE  HISTORIC   MAN.  . 

FIRST     PAPER. 
Archeology  :  Its  Position,   Facts  and  Methods. 

i  .    ^Archaeology  (that  is,  Science)  and  Religion. 

Necessity  of  showing  that  they  do  not  conflict. 

Archaeology  new  :  only  since  last  50  years  or  so. 

Lay  judgments  on  new  truth  better  than  clerical. 

But  waiving  that,  clerical  ones  are  sufficient.  1  >e  Quincey. 
Sawmill  illustration.  Dr.  Hodge.  Cardinal  Baronius. 
'Rev.  G.  F.  Wright.      Renouf  and  his  frightened  friend. 

There  is  a  conflict,  but  it  is  between  Theology  and  religion. 

Difference  of  Theology  and  religion. 

President  White's  "Warfare  of  Science." 

The  three  campaigns  of  this  warfare  thus  far  are  :  1.  As- 
tronomy :  2,  Geology]  3,  Biology.  In  the  third  we  are. 
'  All  end  alike  :  advance  of  science,  retreat  of  theology. 

Galileo  and  Jasper,  illustrate  retreat  of  theology  in  250  years.- 

Conclusion  :  No  inspired  or  revealed  astronomy  or  geology  or 
biology  or  chronology  or  history  or  archaeology.  Neither  these  nor 
any  other  scientific  truth  can  oppose  or  injure  religion,  but  will 
always  support  and  extend  it. 

Science  forever  elevates  and  ennobles  the  1  >ivine  by  extending 
the  realm  of  intelligible  Law. 


Description  of  archaeology. 

The  old  conception  of  it,  only  an  early  chapter  in  record 
history. 

Wcstropp's  five  subdivisions  of  it,  viz  :  Architecture,  Sculp- 
ture, Painting,  Glyptic,  Inscriptions. 

All  this  should  be  called  antiquities. 

The  true  field  of  archaeology  is,  Human  experience  before 
record  history. 

Strictly  as  by  the  Greek  meaning-  Words  of  Beginnings. 

It  thus  stands  between  geology  and  history. 

The  three  scales  of  time  :  History,  a  petty  period  ;  Archae- 
ology, impressive  length  of  time  :  Geology,  gigantic. 

Example:  A  million. 


PRE-HISTORIC   MAN.  7 

3.     The  facts  and  reasonings  of  archaeologists. 

Note.  These  unite  to  prove,  not  exact  date  and  time  of  man's 
existence  on  earth,  but  only  that  it  has  been  many  thousands  of 
years. 

First :     Some  general  examples  : 

r.     History:  Renouf  on  Egyptian  dates. 

2.  History  :   Proof  of  early  kings  in  Rome. 

3.  Philology  :   History  of  our  alphabet. 

4.  Mythology   (mingles    largely   with    philology):     Sanskrit 

words  in  Greek  mythology. 

5.  Mythology  :  Sayce  on  Assyrian  Sabbath. 

6.  Mythology  :  Tracing  myth  of  Zohak  and  Feridun. 

7.  Religion  :   Influence  of  Captivity  on  Judaism. 
1.   Ezekiel's  vision.      2.    Devils. 

These  samples  prove  a  sound  method. 

The  bad  method.  Early  French  notions  and  early  English,  from 
Buckle. 

Might  as  well  find  the  O'Callaghan  family  in  Troy  at  the  siege. 


Second:     Examples  proving  a  long  time  for  man's  existence  on 
earth  : 

1.  Stalagmite  in  English  caves. 

2.  Pottery,  etc.,  in  Nile  delta. 

3.  Weapons  found  with  mammoth's  bones  and  other  extinct 

animals. 

4.  Drift  period  and  worked  flints. 

5.  Migrations   of  Aryan  race  (well  called   race,  have   raced 

up  and  down  the  earth  for   5000  years,  and   now  at  it 
harder  than  ever). 

6.  Development  of  five  languages  from  Latin  ;  other  cases 

of  language. 

7.  Development  of  numeral  systems. 

8.  Development  of  writing  systems. 

1.  Record  and  memory  separate  (pictures,  quipus.) 

2.  Memory  put  into  record  :    1.   Hieroglyphics;   2.   Syl- 
labary;   3.  Alphabet. 

Retrace  from  dates  of  alphabet. 


PRE-HISTORIC    MAX. 


9 


10 
1 1 

1  2 

14 


Ethnological  development. 


Development  of  social  organization. 
Marriage  customs. 
History  of  religion. 

Shell  mounds  on  Danish  coast  of  Baltic 
Forest  growth  in  Denmark. 
15.     Relative  length  of  periods  of  equal  progress  in  human 
improvement. 

(Layard  letter,  showing  movelessness.) 


SECOND  PAPER. 
Archaeology  of  the  Mind. 

(This  will  be  mainly  passed  over  in  the  proposed  two  lectures.) 

Anything  which  has  existed  long  enough,  has  an  archaeology. 
The  mind  therefore  has. 

The  ways  of  living  of  the  pre-historic  men  were  like  those  of  the 
savages  of  to-day.  Therefore  their  mental  condition  and  habits 
were  the  same.  And  the  savage's  mind  is  like  a  child's  mind,  as  so 
many  travelers  and  other  observers  have  noticed. 

To  conclude,  therefore,  how  the  pre-historic  man  felt,  thought 
and  reasoned,  we  may  decide  how  the  present  child  and  the  present 
savage  feels,  thinks  and  reasons. 

Now,  in  children,  thought  hurts.  Attention  is  difficult,  and  also 
imperfect,  inaccurate.  The  mind  quickly  wearies,  and  becomes  in- 
capable  of  further  exertion.  In  scientific  matters,  such  as  natural 
phenomena,  the  first  explanation  that  occurs  is  accepted,  and  incon- 
sistency and  absurdity  are  no  objection.  In  the  conduct  of  life, 
there  is  neither  foresight  nor  what  we  should  call  morality ;  but  abso- 
lute, immediate  indulgence  of  passion  and  appetite,  and  absolute 
selfishness,  with  neither  thought  of  self-control  nor  power  of  it. 
And  there  is  easy  fright  at  any  notion  of  anything  supernatural. 
Anybody  that  has  brought  up  a  family  sees  here  the  picture  of  a 
child's  mind.  Anybody  that  has  dealt  with  savages  will  see  here  the 
picture  of  a  savage  mind. 

Examples  of  all  these  points. 
Examples  of  mediaeval  science. 


PRE   HISTORIC    MAX.  9 

Examples  in  beliefs  of  grown  persons  now;  in  scientific  doc 
trines  now  ;  in  "our  country,  right  or  wrong." 
Hence,  we  can  tell  what  were  the    notions  of   the   pre-historic 
mind  as  to  life,  as  to  science,  as  to  religion. 

All  early  cosmogonies   (explanations   of  creation)  were    of   same 
general  character. 

Firmament. 

Early  sin  and  religion. 


THIRD     PAPER. 

Survivals. 

(Thi^  also,  is  principally  passed  over  in  the  present  two  lectures.  I 

Tylor's  definition.      Value  of  his  books. 
Mitchell's  book  and  his  totherendforemostness. 

Instances  of  survivals: 

i.  Domestic  life  and  manners.  Dress  coat ;  bands;  priest's 
vestments;  boring  holes  in  the  person  (ornament  doc- 
trine, savagism,  suffrage):  shake  hands  :  toys  and  amuse- 
ments. 

2.  Words  (treated  before  in  first  paper).      "  Earth." 

3.  Proverbs  and  phrases.      Haul  over  coals  :  wild  oats,  etc. 

4.  Riddles.      Samson's  riddle  ;  similar  ones  now. 

5.  Decimal  system — thoroughly  savage. 

6.  Governmental  practices.     Institutions  ;  exchequer  tallies  ; 

wager  of  battle  ;  political  disabilities  of  Jews  and  Roman 
Catholics:  Puritan  church  and  state  (still  extant  in  N.  H. 
and  N.  C— Mason  and  Hamilton):  wreck  customs;  de- 
nial of  suffrage  to  women  (their  indifference  a  survival  of 
their  slavery);  slavery  ;  polygamy. 

7.  Religious  survivals..  Animism  :  child's  resentment  ;  poet's 

personifications;  devouring  element;  sense  of  unfeeling- 

ness  of  water,   earthquake,  etc. 
Extent  of  early  religion  :  Coulanges'  summary  of  Roman  religion; 
Roman  persecution  law.  not  religion;  magic;  prayer  an  incantation; 
accurate  prayer  :  rain  makers  ;  prayer  for  rain  ;  law  forms  ;  theolog- 
ical "forms  of  sound  words  :"   magic  now,  and  here. 


io  PRE  HISTORIC   MAN. 

Survivals  now  of  heathen  religion  ;  our  notions  of  funerals  and 
graves. 

Religion  in  business  ;  an  old  bill  of  lading,  1633  ;  "  mit  Gott  "  in 
account  books. 


FOURTH    PAPER. 

Usefulness  of  Arch.eology.     General  Gonclusions. 

1.  Usefulness,  in  helping  to  understand  current  questions,  as  : 

1.  Land  monopoly  question. 

2.  Spiritism  question. 

3.  Mission  question — in  India,  at  least. 

4.  Adjusts  historical  theory  and  research. 

2.  Lessons  that  archaeology  teaches  ;  as  to  : 

1.  Nature  of  man's  beginning  on  earth.  The  Bible  teaches 
that  he  began  as  a  savage  ;  but  if  we  accept  a  revealed 
first  high  civilization,  we  must  set  man's  beginning  all 
the  further  back,  to  allow  for  his  sinking  to  the  barbarism 
where  archaeology  finds  him. 

2.  Gonditions  of  human  progress. 

3.  Estimates  of  human  attainments  thus  far. 

4.  Inquiry.      What  may  be  predicted  of  man's  future? 


APPENDIX. 


A    FEW    AUTHORITIES    ON    ARCH.V.i  >l.<  >i  ,\  . 


Note. — The  few  books  named  below,  which  are  (all  but  one)  in  the  San  Francisco  Free 
Public  Library,  are  enumerated  because  they  are  likely  to  be  accessible  to  American  readers, 
and  not  because  they  exhaust  the  subject.     They  hardly  begin  it.  I 

Books  of  three  sorts  have  been  omitted,  as  under: 

i.     Works  on  Evolution  and   Development   (such  as    Darwin's   and   Spencer's), 

because  probably  enough  of  them  are  familiar  to  my  audience 

2.  Works  on   American  archaeology,    because   the   subject   is  not  yet  adequately 

worked  out  (but  Wilson's  Prehistoric  Man  has  a  good  deal  in  this  depart- 
ment). 

3.  Works  which  are  rationalist,  so  as  to  seem  opposed  to  the  Christian  religion. 

because  scientific  truth  is  abundantly  upheld  without  such  opposing. 

The  classification  is  rough.  A  few  books  have  been  put  in  two  places,  be- 
cause they  need  to  be.  I  have  starred  about  half  of  them  as  the  best.  The 
library  shelf-marks  are  given,  as  perhaps  convenient  to  some  readers. 

1.  The  geological  and  astronomical  argument. 

Croll:  Climate  and  time.     (55 1.6;  551.27.) 

*Geikie:  The  great  ice  age.      (553.2.) 

*Lyell:  (Geological  evidence  of  the  antiquity  of  man.       572.10.) 

2.  Prehistoric  man  generally. 

Baldwin:   Prehistoric  nations.      (571.12.      Ethnological.) 
*Dawkins:  Cave  hunting.      (571.10.) 

*Early  man  in  Britain.      (571.9.) 

*Geikie:    Prehistoric  Europe.      (Si. 6.) 

*Lubbock:  Origin  of  civilization  and  primitive  condition  of  man.    (573.10.) 

":  ''Prehistoric  times.      (572  8) 
Lyell:  Geological  evidence  of  antiquity  of  man.      (572.10.) 
Mitchell:  The  past   in   the   present:    What  is  civilization  ?  •   (D1.28.     Ai 

gues,  or  questions  rather,  against  the  long  chronology  of  man.) 
Rati:  Early  man  in  Europe.      (571.7.) 

*Tylor:  Anthropology.      (573.21.     Ethnological    in   part,  with  list  of  au- 
thorities at  end— a  most  excellent  and  instructive  book.) 
'"Early  history  of  mankind.      (D1.27.) 
—    *  Primitive  culture.      2  vols.      (301. 3-4.) 
Wilson:  Prehistoric  man.     (572.8.      Discusses  largely  American  facts.  > 

.'570692 


1 2  APPENDIX. 

3.  Institutions  or  departments  of  culture,  specially  or  singly. 

Bagehot:  Physics  and  politics.      (301. 1:  320.22.) 

Evans:  Ancient  stone  implements  of  Great  Britain.      (371.6.) 

Fison  and    Howitt:     Kamilaroi  and   Kurnai.     Group  marriage,    etc..    in 

Australia.      (399.1.) 
Freeman:  Comparative  politics.      (D1.44.) 
*Fustel  de  Coulanges:    The  ancient  city.      (930.57;  930.58.      Roman  and 

( rreek  city  organization.) 
''Hearn:  The  Aryan  household.     (Dl.13.) 
*Laveleye:  Primitive  property.      (D1.83.) 
Lesley:  Man's  origin   and   destiny.      (573.31.      With  a  strong  speculative 

element.) 
.McLennan:   Primitive  marriage.     (Ordered.) 
'Maine:  Ancient  law.     1340.30.) 

Karl\  history  of  institutions.      (309.3.      Largely   illustrated    from 
early  Irish  law  5. 

Village  communities  cast  and  west.      (340.; 

Morgan:  Ancient  society.      (3I3-41;  3I3-53-) 

4.  Special  local  researches. 

*Brugsch-bey:  Egypt  under  the  Pharaohs.     2  vols,     (932.13-14.) 
Cesnola:  Cyprus.     (914.270.  ) 
Schliemann:  Ilios.     (930.72.) 

■   ''Troy.     (939-7-) 

Mycenae  and  Tiryns.     (938.33.) 

'Smith:  Assyrian  discoveries.      (915.11S.1 

5.  Mythology  and  religion. 

*Cox:   Introduction  to  comparative  mythology.      (291.30.) 

Mythology  of  the  Aryan  nations.     2  vols.      (291.22-3.) 
Dorman:  Origin  of  primitive  superstitions.      (291.24A.) 
Fiske:  Myths  and  myth-makers.     (291.45.) 
Gubernatis:  Zoological  mythology.     2  vols.     (294.1-2.) 
"Lenormant:  Chaldean  magic.     (133.92.) 

"Midler:   Origin  and  growth  of  religion:   India.      (201. 13:   294.26.) 
*Renouf:       "  "  "  Egypt.     (299.23.) 

"Smith:  Chaldean  account  of  Genesis,  revised  by  Sayce.     (299.20.) 
Tylor:   Primitive  culture  (largely  on  animism).     2  vols.     (301.3-4.) 

6.  Philology. 

Dwight:    Modern    philology    (somewhat    ambitious    in    style).      2    vols. 

(409.2-3.) 
"Midler:   Science  of  language  land  his  Other  writings  on  language).      (400. 

5-6.  etc.) 
Sayce:  Comparative  philology.     (410. 1.) 

introduction  to  science   of   philology.     2   vols.     (In  part  an  ex 

pansion  of  the  preceding.     400.10-11.) 
Whitney:  Language  and  the  study  of  language.      (401.6.) 
Oriental  and  linguistic  studies.     2  scries.      1404.2  and  4.  I 


Boys  and  Girls  Aid  Society, 

68  Clementina  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  T.  DOOLEY,         -  Superintendent. 

TRUSTEES  : 
Geo.  C.  Perkins,        -  ...        President. 

Dudley  C.  Bates,  Treasurer,  Solomon  Heydenfeldt. 

C.  K.  Bonestell,  Secretary.  E.  K.  Highton. 

Charles  R.  Allen,        i    p         .  Jos.  G.  Eastland. 
Charles  A.  Murdock,   -  ^xecu^          ,    Mrs.  J.  R.  Jarboe. 

Alan  son  H.  Phelps,      j  Lommittee-  Mrs.  Jas.  Otis. 

Jacob  S.  Taber,  i      „.  Mrs.  Robert  Sherwood. 

Geo.  C.  Perkins,  \     rina™?  mrs.  jj#  G.  Kittle. 

Mrs.  G.  D.  McElroy,     |  Committee: 

Rescues  homeless,  neglected  or  abused  children  of  California,  and  juvenile 
offenders  who  would  otherwise  be  committed  to  prison;  provides  for  such  until 
suitable  homes  or  employment  are  found  for  them,  and  continues  to  look  after 
their  condition  and  treatment;  maintains  Reading  Rooms,  Libraries,  Baths,  a 
Gymnasium,  Savings  Banks,  Sewing  School,  Class  in  Music,  and  classes  for  in- 
struction in  other  branches;  also,  Lectures,  Entertainments  and  a  Temperance 
Organization.  Lodgings  are  furnished,  at  a  nominal  cost,  to  working  boys  and 
girls  who  have  neither  homes  nor  suitable  guardianship  in  the  city.  The  work 
is  free  from  sectarianism,  and  depends  upon  voluntary  contributions  for  its 
support.  ' 

ITEMS  FROM  ANNUAL  REPORT,  JUNE    ist,    1883. 

RECEIVED. 

Boys 282 

Girls 66 

Total 348 

From  courts  and  prisons 108 

By  legal  commitment  . . 7  . 

Taken  directly  from  bad  homes. 23 

Through  Society  for  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children 35 

Brought  by  relatives 75 

Waifs  (from  various  sources) 61 

Came  voluntarily 29 

—  348 
disposed  of 

To  homes 1 73 

To  trades  (including  homes) 18 

Shipped 3 

To  private  institutions  (where  the  Society  could  not  acquire  authority  to 

place  out)   34 

To  special  oversight  and  wages  in  the  country 10 

Returned  for  sentence     '. 2 

Almshouse 1 

In  hospital 2 

Eloped 2 

Undisposed  of 28 

—  348 
The  Society  found    employment    in    the   city  and  suburbs,  at  wages,  for  two 

hundred  and  seventy-six  (276)  children  not  included  in  the  above,  making  a  total 
of  six  hundred  and  twenty-four  (624)  children  whose  condition  and  prospects  we 
have  very  materially  improved;  16,847  meals,  5,916  lodgings  and  3,1 12  gar- 
ments were  given  to  the  348  friendless  toys  and  girls  whose  general  interests 
were  committed  to  our  hands. 


TINJVERSITY<- 


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WiVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 

LIBRARY 


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